Quick answer
Capsule shells are usually made from either gelatin (from animal collagen) or HPMC, a plant-based cellulose often called a vegetable or vegan capsule. Softgels are usually gelatin. The shell type is listed under the other ingredients on the label.
Gelatin capsules
Made from bovine or porcine collagen
Vegetable capsules
HPMC (hypromellose), plant cellulose
Softgels
Usually gelatin
Where to check
"Other ingredients" on the label
Capsule shells compared
| Gelatin capsule | Vegetable capsule (HPMC) | Softgel | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Made from | Animal collagen | Plant cellulose | Usually gelatin + glycerin |
| Vegan? | No | Usually yes | Usually no |
| Best for | Powders | Powders | Oils (e.g. astaxanthin) |
| Label wording | Gelatin | Hypromellose, HPMC, vegetable capsule | Gelatin, glycerin |
What is HPMC?
HPMC stands for hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, also called hypromellose. It's made from plant cellulose and is the most common shell for vegan and vegetarian capsules.
Dietary and religious considerations
If you follow a vegan, vegetarian, halal or kosher diet, check the capsule shell and look for certification on the pack. Gelatin can come from cattle (bovine) or pigs (porcine).
Tip: Not sure? The capsule type is always listed in the ingredients. You can also contact the seller.
Frequently asked questions
Are vegetable capsules vegan?
HPMC capsules are plant-based. Check the full ingredient list to make sure the contents are vegan too.
Why are oils in softgels?
Softgels seal liquids and oils, such as astaxanthin or sea buckthorn oil.
Can I open a capsule?
Follow the label directions, and ask your pharmacist if you're unsure.
Keep reading
This article is general information only and is not medical advice. Always read the label and follow the directions for use. Dietary supplements should not replace a balanced diet. If you are pregnant, breastfeeding, taking medication or have a medical condition, speak with your doctor or pharmacist before taking a new supplement.
